Apr 20: A minister works for the Devil, and the servant Mary Warren’s story changes again

Today in Salem: A stunned silence has descended on Salem since yesterday’s court appearances. It’s enough that the wild child Abigail Hobbs has confessed to being a witch. But the Devil had recruited her in Maine. And she was accused by someone who used to know her there – the servant and war refugee Mercy Lewis. Just how far afield is the Devil working?

man's shadow

Mercy is a servant in the Putnam family, and has often told stories about the wild child she knew in Maine. So 13-year-old Ann Putnam, the afflicted girls’ leader, has heard all about Abigail’s dangerous behavior. But she’s also heard stories about the minister there, Reverend George Burroughs.

The Putnam family remembers Burroughs well. He’d been the minister in Salem Village until 9 years ago, when the Village stopped paying him and the Putnams had him arrested for an unpaid debt. He’d left for Maine with bitterness on all sides, and has been ministering to a flock that, until recently, included Abigail Hobbs and Mercy Lewis.

This very night, Rev Burroughs’ specter attacks Ann Putnam, and her visions electrify her family. “A minister?” she shouts. ”Recruiting children’s souls for Satan?” The specter boasts that he’s the one who recruited the wild child Abigail Hobbs, not the Devil. Burroughs is more powerful than any witch or wizard. The Putnams are not surprised.


In Salem jail, the Proctors’ servant Mary Warren is picking dirty straw from her hair. Yesterday she’d fainted in terror during the court hearing, but now, after sleeping on the floor of the jail cell for the night, she’s had a chance to think about which side she’s on: afflicted, or accused.

The two magistrates keep their arms crossed when they question her. She did call the afflicted girls liars, she says, but the Devil had forced her to. And yes, she did sign the Devil’s book. But she didn’t know that’s what it was. Her master John Proctor (who was in jail himself) had just handed it to her. In fact, Mary says, it’s impossible for her to be a witch, because she’s still afflicted herself. Why, just last night she was visited by the specter of the cantankerous Giles Corey.

Mary chokes on Giles’s name and falls to the floor, gasping and crying, then describes exactly what the specter was wearing. The magistrates send for Corey, who’s in his own jail cell, but no sooner does Mary see him than she convulses again. The real Giles Corey, as all can see, is dressed exactly as Mary had said. Of course, they’d been in court together yesterday. And he’s wearing the same clothes now. But surely he could have found a way to change his clothes since then?

The magistrates just look at each other and turn to the wild child Abigail Hobbs. She fully confessed yesterday, but gives them a few more details about the specters she’s seen and who she herself has tormented. It’s enough to make the trip worth it for the magistrates. But they’re still not sure about Mary’s changing story, and they leave her to spend another night on the jail cell floor.


WHO was George Burroughs?

Age about 42. George Burroughs was the minister of Salem Village until 9 years before the Trials began. He lived in Maine when he was accused of witchcraft, but the people of the Village remembered him well. They’d been dissatisfied with him as the minister, and refused to pay him. So when his wife died suddenly, he had to borrow money to pay for her funeral. With no salary, Burroughs couldn’t repay the debt, so he resigned and left, which would come back to haunt him.

The court ordered them to settle their differences, and the Village agreed to pay him everything it owed, minus the amount of his debt. But when Burroughs arrived with the paperwork, he was arrested instead. Eventually the case was dropped, and the Village paid Burroughs some of what they owed. But it left bitterness for everyone involved. So when he was accused of witchcraft, there was already animosity on both sides.

Burroughs landed in Falmouth, Maine (now Portland), where he lived when an Indian attack destroyed the settlement. It was here that Burroughs met the families of Mercy Lewis and Abigail Hobbs. The attack drove the Hobbs family to Salem. But the Lewis family was killed, so he took Mercy in as a servant for a time, before sending her to another unknown family, and then eventually to Salem. He himself then moved further south to Wells, Maine, where he lived at the time of the accusation.

Burroughs’ history with Salem Village was troublesome enough. But people also suspected his physical traits. He was dark-skinned, very short, and muscular. He was also much stronger than he looked, even preternaturally so. His trial included testimony from people who’d heard that he could lift a 7-foot musket by inserting one finger into the barrel, then raising it to arm’s length. It was also said that he could “take up a full barrll of molasses wth butt two fingers of one of his hands in the bung and carry itt from ye stage head to the door att the end of the stage wth out letting itt downe.” Case files: George Burroughs

George Burroughs’ descendants include Walt Disney.


Tomorrow in Salem: Two wheels and nine arrests

Apr 19: A storm of accusations

Today in Salem: The normally cantankerous Giles Corey is swaying in front of the judges, his hands tied, bewildered. Prophesies? Suicide? He was just arrested yesterday afternoon, not knowing why he’s been accused. Now the cruel magistrate Hathorne is leaning in, relentless in his questions.

wheat field

Just last week, Giles had helped escort his gospel woman wife Martha from the jail in Salem to Boston, and promised to visit her next week. Now the judges want to know: Was he really just promising a simple visit? Or was he prophesying his own arrest? Does he realize that prophesies are a kind of magic? Giles protests, saying he’d run out of money for the ferry and was just telling his wife goodbye.

More important, several witnesses testify they’ve heard Giles say he’s tempted to do away with himself. The judges remind him that self-murder is a much greater sin than witchcraft. If Giles is willing to take his own life, wouldn’t he be even more willing to practice witchcraft? Giles denies everything.

The afflicted girls writhe and convulse as usual through more questions about his wife’s criticisms, his lame ox, and what was that ointment Martha had in their house? The judges send Giles to jail to wait for trial.


rainbow trees

Giles had been arrested with three other people, and now the judges turn their attention to the wild child Abigail Hobbs. The afflicted girls are suddenly quiet, staying calm throughout her examination.

“I have been very wicked,” Abigail says. “I hope I shall be better, if God will help me.” She goes on to admit to everything: signing the Devil’s book, using her specter to hurt the girls, and – most alarmingly – that this began in faraway Maine. The Devil has been operating on a far grander scale than the judges and ministers of Salem had realized. This would change everything. (What the judges don’t know is that Abigail’s statement today will set off a chain of events that, by tomorrow night, will link the witches’ and the Wabanakis’ assaults on New England. During the next seven weeks, fifty-four people will be formally accused of witchcraft, a sharp increase from the ten who’d been complained against in the seven weeks that ended two days ago.)

With the slave Tituba and the 4-year-old Dorcas Good, Abigail Hobbs becomes the third person to confess to witchcraft, and is sent to jail.


cat with shadows

When the third prisoner, the Proctors’ servant Mary Warren, approaches the bar, the afflicted girls – her former friends – are so violently seized that only one of them can speak.

Everyone in the Village knows the story: Mary had been afflicted herself, but soon was cured. Then she said the other girls were lying, and now the girls have turned around and accused her of witchcraft.

How is this possible? The judges demand an answer. How can Mary be afflicted, then an afflicter? She must have been a witch the entire time. Mary crumples to the floor, trying to confess through gritted teeth. The afflicted girls say that specters are trying to prevent Mary from confessing, and her distress is so acute that the judges send her away to recover before they ask more questions.


dying flower

Finally, the unruly Bridget Bishop approaches the bar. If Giles was bewildered, Abigail forthcoming, and Mary paralyzed with fear, Bridget is nothing short of exasperated. She rolls her eyes when the girls convulse, which only makes things worse.

“I am innocent to a witch,” she says. “I know not what a witch is.” But the judges turn it back on her. If she doesn’t even know what a witch is, how does she know she isn’t one? After more shrieking and accusations from the girls, Bridget is sent back to jail to wait for future trial.


Tomorrow in Salem: A minister works for the Devil, and the servant Mary Warren’s story changes again

Apr 17: The wild child Abigail Hobbs

Today in Salem: The forest floor is thick with pine needles, cushioning her steps and releasing their fragrance as she walks silently between the trees. Heel toe, heel toe she thinks, moving slowly to avoid any twigs or stones that could snap or slide and give her presence away. Abigail Hobbs likes the idea of being a ghost, gliding through the forest undetected, able to vanish like that.

Her brother has taught her this, how to weave through the woods as silently as an Indian, leaving no footsteps or tracks behind. During the day she practices, looking down at her feet and closing her eyes, memorizing the forest path she’s created. At night she re-traces her steps, walking deeper and deeper into the dark woods, sometimes for hours before returning home.

She began wandering the woods when she was much younger, when they lived in Maine and the woods were thick with Wabanaki Indians ready to attack. Now she’s 15 and living near Salem, but she’s even more brazen, sometimes spending the night in the woods and not coming home until late the next day.

Abigail’s parents have given up on taming her. When they try, she talks back boldly, and she’s earned a reputation of being rude and disrespectful. And when her friends ask why she isn’t afraid to be in the woods, especially at night, Abigail says she’s sold her body and soul to him. She isn’t afraid of anything, she says. She’s made a deal with the Devil.

Now it’s catching up to her. Today it’s the Sabbath, and the afflicted girls can’t stop squirming and scratching and whispering. It’s no surprise to anyone when, after the Meeting, the girls say Abigail’s specter is tormenting them. The only question is why it took so long


WHO was Abigail Hobbs?

Abigail Hobbs’s mark

Age 15. Abigail and her family were from Maine, where Indian attacks had decimated the English settlements. It was here that she began wandering the woods at night. When her family, neighbors, and friends asked why she wasn’t afraid of being attacked, she said she “sold her selfe boddy & Soull to the old boy” and has “seen the divell and . . . made a covenant or bargin with him.”

When life in Maine became too dangerous, the Hobbs family moved to Topsfield, Massachusetts, which is next to Salem. Abigail continued roaming the woods at night, and developed a reputation of being rude and disrespectful to her parents. She even sprinkled water in her stepmother’s face in a mock baptism, and openly defied her parents in public.

Even though she was a teenager, no one was surprised when Abigail was finally accused of witchcraft. But, like some of the other accused, she soon realized that the best way to avoid being hanged was to confess and accuse others of witchcraft. It was only a delay, though, and eventually her execution was scheduled. She got lucky again, though, when the governor paused the trials and signed a reprieve for her and others.

Later, when Abigail was 32, she married Andrew Senter and had at least two sons, Andrew and Thomas. We don’t know how long she lived after that. Case files: Abigail Hobbs


READ MORE: Who were the Wabanaki Indians?

The Wabanaki, or “People of the Dawn,” are the first people of the area known today as Northeastern New England and Maritime Canada, and have lived there for more than 12,000 years.

During the time of the Salem Witchcraft Trials, Maine was sandwiched between New France (Canada) to the north, and British America to the south. By then, the native Wabanaki people had become more dependent on European guns and ammunition for hunting. When the English made it illegal to sell ammunition to the Wabanaki, and France stepped in to give it to them anyway, an alliance was born, most of it centered in Maine, with English settlers being the common enemy of both. The attacks were constant and merciless, with the Wabanaki people suffering as much as the English.

The Wabanaki people have continued to struggle in Maine. Until the 1950s, Wabanaki children were often taken away from their communities and sent to boarding schools, where they were forced to assimiliate into White American culture. Others were separated from their families through adoption, foster care, and placement in orphanages. In fact, in the mid-1970s, Maine had the second highest rate of Indian foster care placement among states. As late as the 1990s, Indian children in Maine were still being placed with and adopted by non-Native families without notification to the tribe, as required by the law.

Since then, Maine has established a commission — the first in the U.S. territory — that collaborates with tribal nations to focus on Indian child welfare. But, with only 8,000 tribal members alive today, it may be too little too late.


Tomorrow in Salem: Summary: This WEEK in Salem