Aug 19: *** Sensitive Content: Death by Hanging ***

Today in Salem: The pregnant Elizabeth Proctor wills herself to keep looking, not to blink, to keep her eyes wide, and to watch every movement of her husband as he climbs into the sheriff’s cart and prepares for his final journey. She memorizes John’s face, the set of his shoulders, the way he holds out a calloused hand to help the only woman who will be hanged today. He is innocent, and it confounds her, why God would allow this.

The cart sags under the weight of the condemned: three farmers, a minister, and another minister’s niece, and although the farmers might prefer to walk, it would be difficult with the throng of people surrounding them. An even larger crowd is waiting at Gallows Hill, though, twice as large as those at previous hangings. For as much as the hanging itself is sensational, it’s the minister George Burroughs that the crowd has come to see. Is it true? Is a minister — a minister — in league with the Devil? Worse, is it not true? Are they about to hang an innocent man?

A wooden ladder is leaning against the branch of the hanging tree, where several ministers wait to pray for the condemned if they ask. The prisoners stand up in the cart, and the former deputy John Willard steps to the front. He’d quit his position last spring when he began to think he was arresting innocent people. But now he knows it. “Please pray with us,” he says to the ministers. “We are innocent. Please pray that ours will be the last innocent blood that is shed.”

At that, John Proctor steps forward. “We are innocent, and yet we ask that God will forgive us all our sins.” He looks at the crowd. “We also pray that he will forgive the sins of our accusers.” The crowd starts to shuffle and bow their heads as the Reverend Cotton Mather begins to pray.

It’s now, when people are looking away or closing their eyes, that the Sheriff decides the order of execution, for when the crowd looks up, the outcast Martha Carrier already has the noose around her neck. If any of them are guilty it’s she, with a trail of death and smallpox behind her. Rev Cotton Mather has barely said Amen when the crowd begins to boo and jeer.

It’s easy to see her husband, standing a full foot taller than the men around him. But Martha is looking up at the sky. Does she not hear him begging her to confess? Or are his entreaties drowned out by the noise of the cheering crowd? Just like that, before she can look down, the Sheriff knocks the ladder away and she hangs, swaying in the swirling dust.

The elderly George Jacobs Sr. stands on a lower rung, having climbed with difficulty, not having the use of his canes. Jacobs has always been ornery, even vulgar, and now is no different. He has no last words except a string of his own accusations, of the girls lying, the judges ignorant, the Sheriff stealing. At that, the Sheriff kicks the ladder away and Jacobs hangs, as quickly as an 80-year-old man would.

The hangings continue, one after the other. The ladder creaks under the weight of the bold John Proctor. With his pregnant wife Elizabeth in jail, his oldest son is running the 700-acre Proctor farm and caring for the younger children. Still, he’s found a way to be there, and mirrors John’s stance, with his shoulders back and an angry look in his eyes.

The crowd is quieter now as the former deputy John Willard climbs the ladder easily. He stares hard at the Sheriff, who used to direct him in his arrests. Then he locks eyes with his wife, who holds their three year-old daughter on her hip, swaying the way mothers do. Willard isn’t a large man like Proctor, but he stands tall and doesn’t flinch or resist when the Sheriff kicks the ladder.

Finally it’s the minister George Burroughs who climbs the ladder and turns toward the crowd. “What say ye?” asks Cotton Mather. The ladder wobbles as the sheriff ties Burroughs’ hands and legs. “Our Father, Who art in heaven,” Burroughs says. “Hallowed be Thy Name.” He calmly finishes the Lord’s Prayer, flawlessly, with nary a stutter.

An uncomfortable buzz begins at the front of the crowd and moves to the back, and several women begin to cry. Everyone knows that witches and wizards cannot recite Scripture, most especially and in particular the Lord’s Prayer. And yet here he is, the minister they’ve accused, doing exactly what he should not be able to do.

“Stop!” someone yells. “Stop!” The cry spreads through the crowd, growing louder and louder, until it seems like half of the people are raising their hands and shouting. Something has changed. The Sheriff hesitates, and looks at Rev Cotton Mather.

“It’s the Devil’s work!” cries one of the afflicted girls, and points at Burroughs. “The Devil is telling him what to say!”

Mather blinks and gives a nod; the tiniest, almost imperceptible nod. At that, the Sheriff turns away and kicks the ladder, hard, until the Reverend George Burroughs hangs.

The deputies bury the bodies quickly, this time in one large grave, so quickly that George Burroughs’ hand protrudes from the dirt, resting awkwardly on someone else’s foot. Tonight several men will float down the dark river, just as some have before them. They will take the bodies of John Proctor and George Jacobs, and bury them at home with dignity. The others will be left behind.


Tomorrow in Salem: A guilty granddaughter mourns

Aug 15: the bold John Proctor prepares

Today in Salem: George Jacobs Sr. isn’t the only one to write a new will. The bold John Proctor has done so as well. In his 60 years he’s managed a 700-acre farm, negotiated land deals in two towns, started a successful tavern, and raised 16 children with three wives. He is not an idle man.

He will be hanged in four days. His trial was a formality, his petition to the governor has been denied, and letters on his behalf have gone unnoticed. The sheriff has already sold or killed all his cattle and seized everything in his house, even pouring beer and broth onto the ground so he could take the barrels and pots.

Other men would feel despair. But Proctor hasn’t lost everything. His children are safe, with the littlest ones taken in by the older ones. His land cannot be seized by the Sheriff, and will be given to his children. Then there’s his wife, Elizabeth. She’s quarrelsome, and he’s too easily provoked. But, as the Proverbs say, iron sharpens iron, and they’ve built a good life together. Now she’s with child, and will be spared … for now.


Tomorrow in Salem: the outcast Martha Carrier panics

Aug 4: GUILTY: John and Elizabeth Proctor

Today in Salem: The harsh John Proctor and his pregnant wife Elizabeth are standing trial.

Most of the testimony against John is from the afflicted girls, especially his servant Mary Warren. She’s been accusing him for months, but today her testimony carries more weight. Until now she’s been flip-flopping, sometimes saying she’s being tormented by specters, and sometimes confessing to witchcraft herself. Now she’s saying both at the same time – that she’s afflicted and she’s a witch herself. It’s hard for the judges to argue with that.

John wills his heartbeat to slow down as he presents his last chance. A few days ago, the governor denied his request for more thought, and the ministers from Boston have declined to witness his trial. Now he hands two petitions to the judges; an affidavit signed by 32 friends and family who knew him growing up, and a letter signed by 20 other people, saying none of them has ever suspected the Proctors of witchcraft.

The opinion of 52 people doesn’t outweigh the complaints of the afflicted girls and sickly neighbors. John is declared guilty.

Elizabeth’s accusers are more numerous: the afflicted girls complain about torment and even murder, and one neighbor tells sensational stories of shrieking and fighting at the Proctor home. So it’s no surprise that Elizabeth is declared guilty.

Elizabeth puts a hand on her stomach and pleads for a delay. “I’m with child,” she says. “Please.” It doesn’t change the verdict, but the judges do postpone her execution until after she gives birth.


Tomorrow in Salem: GUILTY: the minister George Burroughs

July 27: the harsh John Proctor receives the bad news

Today in Salem: The jail keeper stops the harsh John Proctor, who’s pacing yet again in a dusty circle around the common area. The keeper grins with his eyes narrowed as he gives Proctor the letter from the governor’s clerk.

“On behalf of William & Mary by the Grace of God of England Scotland France & Ireland King & Queen defend’rs of the faith &ca”

Proctor skims until he reaches the meat of the governor’s reply.

No. No. No. The current judges will continue, the trial will stay in Salem, and the ministers will not come to bear witness. Proctor hands the letter back to the smirking jail keeper, then waits until he disappears before kicking the wall, hard.


Tomorrow in Salem: GUILTY: John and Elizabeth Proctor

July 25: the harsh John Proctor waits

Today in Salem: The abusive George Jacobs paces in the common area of the jail, where prisoners mingle during the day. Jacobs is elderly and extremely tall, so much so that he needs two canes to walk. His violent temper has always seemed to propel him forward, though.

The harsh John Proctor walks slowly next to him. Proctor’s letter to the governor has gone unanswered, and if there’s no reply by tomorrow night then he and the others are as good as dead. Even without a trial, it’s become clear that an accusation alone is enough to condemn them.

In Boston the governor hasn’t even unfolded the letter from Proctor. He has other pressing issues. Fresh recruits are heading north to fight the Indians. How will the colony pay them? How will it cover their expenses? He spends the day organizing a committee to deal with it.


Tomorrow in Salem: The harsh John Proctor receives the bad news

July 24: A letter finds its way

Today in Salem: It’s the Sabbath, and so foggy that it’s hard to see if one’s next step is a stone or a hole, a bruised foot or a twisted ankle. The congregants make their way slowly to the Meeting House, heads down and looking for the smoothest path.

In Boston it’s no better, and the Reverend Increase Mather is running late to his pulpit. So when his wife hands him a letter, he’s impatient. It’s embossed with a wax seal from the jail in Salem and can only mean problems. It’ll have to wait, he thinks, and tucks it in his Bible.


WHO was Increase Mather?

Age 53. Puritan minister & President of Harvard College. Urged the court to disregard “spectral” evidence. Case files: Increase Mather


Tomorrow in Salem: The harsh John Proctor waits

July 23: A resistance takes shape

Today in Salem: The seeds of resistance are fully rooted and beginning to grow.

In May the former deputy John Willard quit after arresting what he considered to be innocent people. In June a judge quit for the same reason. Soon after that, a group of ministers sent a letter to the judges in protest of spectral evidence.

This month grassroots protests have begun to take hold, with 11 people testifying on the neighborly Elizabeth How‘s behalf, and 39 signing a petition to the governor for the beloved Rebecca Nurse.

Now the harsh John Proctor writes a letter on behalf of his fellow prisoners to several influential ministers. Yesterday’s torture of the teenage boys (as well as Proctor’s own son) shows that confessions are being forced and accepted, even when they’re inconsistent. He and his fellow prisoners are condemned before they’ve even had their trials.

Proctor begs the ministers to attend the trials and see for themselves what’s happening. He asks them to intercede and have the trials held at the larger court in Boston, or at least replace the judges with more unbiased ones. Just as important, he begs for their prayers.


Tomorrow in Salem: A letter finds its way

June 17: SWEAT, DIRT, and FEAR

Today in Salem: Two brothers are crusted with dirt and sweat, striding and measuring the edge of their father’s farm. 700 acres of thin, rocky soil stretch in front of them, much of it planted. But the weather has been endlessly hot and dry, and weeds are strangling everything. And they’re missing three other men.

Their father, the harsh John Proctor, has been in jail since planting season. Two other brothers have been in jail for the last three weeks. Now it falls to these two to salvage as much of the dying crop as they can. They have oxen, with a plow, plus axes, scythes, and hoes. But there’s only so much two men can do.


While the Proctor brothers contemplate their dying crop and worry about feeding their family, the General Court orders a Thanksgiving on July 14 to celebrate Governor Phips’ safe arrival from London last month.


Tomorrow in Salem: EVIL: the fortuneteller Dorcas Hoar’s matted hair

Apr 12: SENT TO JAIL: John Proctor

Today in Salem: Rev Parris’s dog is under the table, resting his head on his front paws and lying on Parris’s feet. The dog is the only spot of calm in the room, though, as Parris tries to transcribe the court’s proceedings.

tired dog

It’s impossible, though. Parris’s own niece, Abigail Williams, is shrieking and convulsing and crying so dramatically that Parris can’t concentrate. She’s 11 years old, and yet somehow she’s louder than the teenage girls. The only person who’s even louder is the slave John Indian. Yesterday the schoolmaster had threatened him fiercely, and John had promised that his fits wouldn’t happen again. But now he’s back, more forcefully than before, and it takes 4 men to control him.

The harsh John Proctor was arrested yesterday during his wife’s examination, and less than 24 hours later the magistrates have brought him here for his own. But he’s hardly spoken when John Indian shouts that Proctor’s specter is on the dog’s back. The girls contort and gasp, pointing as the specter moves from the dog to the magistrate’s lap.

The judges have barely questioned Proctor, but they don’t need to. His specter is obviously tormenting people, right here and now. They send him back to jail to wait for a trial.

By now the Salem jail is so crowded that several prisoners are sent to Boston. Among them: the gospel woman Martha Corey. Her husband, the cantankerous Giles Corey, promises to visit her next week. And he will, but not in the way he thinks.


LEARN MORE: Why did Rev Parris have a dog with him in court? Did people in early colonial America have pets?

The Pilgrims on the Mayflower brought with them two dogs: a mastiff and an English spaniel, who not only survived the journey, but feasted during the first Thanksgiving. But they probably weren’t coddled the way pets are today. Still, Massachusetts published the first laws in America preventing cruelty toward animals, saying that “No man shall exercise any Tirranny or Crueltie towards any bruite Creature which are usuallie kept for man’s use.”

The mastiff continued to be the most popular dog during colonial times. Often, the family dog was tied up outside a front door and used as a guard dog. But many family dogs were treated more companionably and went everywhere with their owners, even to church.

Cats also arrived on the Mayflower (and every ship thereafter), and were expected to earn their keep by hunting pests and vermin. They came and went as they liked and were treated more like working animals than pets. Today, cats are the second most popular pet in the United States … behind dogs, with mastiffs being the 33rd most popular breed.


Tomorrow in Salem: This WEEK in Salem

Apr 11: INDICTED: Sarah Cloyce & Elizabeth Proctor. ARRESTED: John Proctor.

Today in Salem: The slave John Indian is literally hanging on by his teeth, riding on the back of a horse and biting the man in front of him to keep from falling off. John’s hands are tied together, though no one knows who did it or why. And now, with the horse nearly trotting, John’s balance is precarious.

hands tied with rope

His bite is sudden, though, and hard, and when the horse’s rider shouts and elbows him, another horse pulls up. It’s the schoolmaster, who bellows and hits John Indian over and over with a stick until John, a slave, rights himself and promises it won’t happen again.

The horses and men are part of a larger group that has just left the meeting house, where the nervous Sarah Cloyce and the quarrelsome Elizabeth Proctor have been examined. In fact, John Indian had testified extensively against both women. His testimony, in addition to the afflicted girls’ usual fits and accusations, had sent both women to jail. And when Elizabeth’s husband John Proctor muttered that he’d beat the Devil out of John Indian if he could, Proctor was immediately arrested, too.

The schoolmaster is a friend of the Proctors, and between John Indian’s testimony, the arrests, and now the biting and thrashing, he’s none too patient. He’d beat the Devil out of the girls, too, if he could.


Tomorrow in Salem: SENT TO JAIL: John Proctor